8 Great Late Bloomers

Although I am often asked if I have a favourite flower, my answer usually depends on which season we are in. With the lovely days of fall in mind then, I present eight of my favourite late-summer bloomers.

Aconitum napellus
The first is monkshood (formerly Aconitum autumnale, now reclassified as Aconitum napellus), which is variable in its form and colour and comes to us from northern and central Europe, rendering a hardiness of zones 5 to 8. In cultivation for centuries, monkshood was widely used by herbalists. However, a word of warning here - all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested. And whenever I mention toxic plants, I must add that the danger shouldn't prevent us from growing them in our gardens, but rather we should teach our children not to eat the seeds or leaves. I grew up in a garden where we had a laburnum tree whose seeds are toxic. I was taught by my parents not to eat them. And hence, I am still around today!

A. napellus reaches a height of up to 1.5 m (5 ft.). Its foliage is attractive, rounded, deeply lobed and even before the plant blooms, it adds textural pleasure to a border. Its flowers occur in dense racemes of gorgeous indigo-blue flowers, each cowled exactly like a monk's hood, hence the plant's common name.

Its flower-bearing stems are strong and do not require the same careful staking that delphiniums do. Once the initial raceme has faded to form seed, prune it off and many side shoots will appear with smaller but equally showy racemes that will continue giving good colour right into the fall. Monkshood also makes an excellent cut flower.

Monkshood likes cool, semi-shaded spots, making it an ideal candidate for the back or centre of a border where other perennials will afford shade to the roots. Such a location will also keep toxic leaves away from the reach of children. Like all perennials, it enjoys a top dressing of compost or well-rotted manure each spring.

Schizostylis coccinea
Another of my all-time favourites for this time of year, Schizostylis coccinea is in the iris family and comes to us from South Africa, which, sadly doesn't make it hardy for all our readers, just those in zones 7 to 9.

A rhizomatous perennial with iris-or freesia-like leaves, S. coccinea features flower spikes that reach anywhere from 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in.) in height, somewhat like miniature gladioli. These bear from four to 14 brilliant cup-shaped, scarlet flowers, each about 3 cm (1 in.) in size. This plant is underused here but so valuable as it starts blooming in September and continues through December. It also makes a wonderful container plant.

In the wild in South Africa, this plant flourishes in damp soils. Here at the UBC Botanical Garden, however, it thrives in the well-drained soil of the Alpine Garden. In a home garden, tuck it in a prominent, somewhat sheltered spot protected from early frost. Add some compost to the planting hole. Look for pot-grown specimens in specialty nurseries and garden shops in late summer.

While the wild-type S. coccinea is perhaps the showiest of the group, there are also some fine white and pink forms available.

Tricyrtis formosana
Tricyrtis formosana is extremely appealing at this time of year and again, underused. It comes from Taiwan where it grows in forest clearings at about 3,000 m (9,840 ft.).

This one is, again, sadly not hardy for all readers, but it is invaluable for semi-shaded gardens in zones 6 to 9. This stoloniferous perennial likes moist but well-drained soil conditions and reaches an overall height of 80 cm (2.5 ft.). Its stems zigzag ever so slightly and are a bit hairy with beautiful pointed, ovate leaves all the way up the stems. The leaves themselves are very glossy with dark purplish blotches and attractive veining. They look absolutely beautiful when moistened by late summer rains.

At the top of each stem, branched terminal cymes produce several upward-facing, star-shaped orchid-pink blooms about 3 cm (1 in.) in size. These flowers are spotted with deeper purplish-red spots inside their petals. And while the flowers aren't large and showy, the plant is very pleasing nevertheless.

Aster thomsonii
Aster thomsonii is possibly my favourite Michaelmas daisy (a name commonly used in the U.K. to identify fall-blooming perennial asters). It comes from cooler regions on the slopes of the western Himalayas, making it hardy to a wider range of zones (4 to 9).

The plant is clump-forming with erect, slender 60- to 75-cm (2- to 3-ft.) stems covered with coarsely toothed, mid-green leaves that reach 10 cm (4 in.) in length. The flowers grow up to 5 cm (2 in.) across, single lilac-blue with a bright-yellow centre occurring in free-forming sprays. They are absolutely gorgeous and a must-have for a late-summer border. If this sounds too tall and rangy for you, then seek out A. thomsonii 'Nanus,' which has long-lasting flowers and only reaches 45 cm (18 in.).

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